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CHAPTER 9 COMPUTER HISTORY

ABACUS USED IN ANCIENT ROME

COMPUTER HISTORY:

I enjoyed this chapter because I have lived and seen all of the changes that have happened and continue to happen each day.

The abacus was used in ancient Rome, Greece, India, China and Japan.  It was replaced be handheld digital calculators.

The census Bureau was looking for a design to tabulate the 1890 census.  Herman Hollerith won the competition with a design for an electronic punched card tabulating device.  The census was tallied in 6 months and 2 additional years were required to complete all the calculation.  In 1924 Herman Hollerith changed the name of his company to International Business Machines, better know today as IBM.

In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers and released APPLE I, a kit containing a system board with 4kb of  RAM that sold for $666.66.

In 1978, Apple introduced a preassembled computer called the APPLE II, which featured color graphics, expansion solts, a dish drive, a 1.07 MHz 650 processor and 16kb of RAM for $1,195.00.

In 1981, IBM marketed what is called a personal computer, a pc.  IBM pc’s was constructed with the shelf parts that could be obtained from electronic wholesalers.  The IBM PC’s used an operating system called PC-DOS that was marketed by a young enterpeneur named Bill Gates.

By the mid 1990′s. IBM computer systems accounted for more than 90% of all computer sales but many people could not think of a reason to own one.   They preferred to write short notes on paper rather than learn how to use a word processor. It seemed easier to punch numbers into a handheld calculator than tackel the electronic spread sheet.  This changed in the late 1980′s when the internet was opened to public use, e-mail began to fly, and e-commerce sites opened their doors.  By the mid 1990′s , the personal computer had achieved mass population.

http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/

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